Noteworthy Characteristics Schefflera actinophylla, commonly known as umbrella tree, is native to rainforests in Australia and New Guinea where it grows as a tree to 50’ tall. Paris, France: Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. It was introduced as an ornamental in Singapore, Madeira, the Canary Islands, Mexico, the Galapagos Islands, Florida, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola, Lesser Antilles, Hawaii and Pacific islands, where it has escaped from gardens and yards and invaded both disturbed and native unaltered forests (Gucker, 2011). Charles Darwin Foundation, 2008. Flora Vitiensis nova: a new flora of Fiji., Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii, USA: National Tropical Botanic Gardens. Schefflera arboricola, commonly called umbrella plant or dwarf schefflera, is an evergreen shrub or small tree that grows in tropical climates to 10-25' tall.It is native to Taiwan. in Florida, Hawaii and on several islands in the south Pacific).The roots of … Flowering begins in early summer and typically continues for several months. Fruit a purplish black, round, fleshy drupe to 7mm (0.25 inch) in diameter. Report to the Kingdom of Tonga on invasive plant species of environmental concern. http://apps.kew.org/wcsp/home.do. Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural), Supplement 8:5-281. Singapore: Raffles Museum of Biodiversity Research, National University of Singapore. This plant will live for many years if it is looked after properly. Taxon, 53:987-1005. Species: Schefflera arboricola 7. Schefflera Arboricola is a pretty tall evergreen shrub that can reach between (8-9 m) in height. http://www.herbier-tahiti.pf, Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2011. Family Name: Araliaceae: ... Fruit Type 1: Fleshy Fruit: Fruit Type 2: Drupe: Image Repository. The distribution in this summary table is based on all the information available. Flora of the Bahama Archipelago. Unfortunately, birds and other animals (i.e., bats) can easily disperse thousands of seeds into adjacent disturbed forests as well as into native unaltered forests. Harvard Papers in Botany, 9(2):257-296. It is growing a multi trunks with grouped leaves end of each trunk. Indoor plants the leaves will be smaller at 4 … It is usually multi-trunked, and the flowers develop at the top of the tree. http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2012. http://lkcnhm.nus.edu.sg/nus/pdf/PUBLICATION/LKCNH%20Museum%20Books/LKCNHM%20Books/flora_of_singapore_tc.pdf. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysimple.aspx, Varnham K, 2006. In 2010, S. actinophylla was first reported for the Canary Islands, where it was introduced as a fast-growing, flowering landscape tree. Present: FL, HI Pacific Islands Ecosystems at Risk., USA: Institute of Pacific Islands Forestry . In: Boletim do Museu Municipal do Funchal (História Natural), 8 5-281. Summer brings an unusual arrangement of small red flowers on multiple long spikes atop the tree that will bloom continuously for months. 7. Motooka P; Castro L; Nelson D; Nagai G; Ching L, 2003. In: Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review, Peterborough, UK: Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC). It grows in sunny open areas as well as in shaded areas on well-drained soils (including clay, loam, sand, slightly alkaline, acidic soils; Gilman and Watson, 1994). Schefflera actinophylla is an evergreen tree growing to 15 m (49 ft) tall. CC-BY-3.0, Schefflera actinophylla (octopus tree, umbrella plant); habit at Makawao, Maui. http://hort.ufl.edu/database/documents/pdf/tree_fact_sheets/schacta.pdf. 51. It has been present in Hawaii since about 1900, likely introduced for ornamental purposes. The common name is derived from the way the large leaflets radiate out from a central stem. Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii, USA: National Tropical Botanic Gardens, 758 pp. This naturalized ornamental garden plant and houseplant is native to Australia and New Guinea. Shefflera actinophylla: schefflera. http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2012/. September 24, 2009, ©Forest & Kim Starr Images-2009. Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). Pesticides should always be used in a lawful manner, consistent with the product's label. Gucker CL, 2011. One or more of the features that are needed to show you the maps functionality are not available in the web browser that you are using. When this species is growing as an epiphyte, herbicide applications require care to avoid damaging host plants. Betrock's Reference Guide to Florida Landscape Plants. In Florida, seeds are dispersed mainly by birds including crows, starlings, mockingbirds, and parrots (Gucker, 2011). Peterborough, UK: Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Broschat TK; Meerow AW, 1991. unpaginated. Mori SA; Buck WR; Gracie CA; Tulig M, 2007. Distribution U.S. http://www.issg.org/database, Kairo M; Ali B; Cheesman O; Haysom K; Murphy S, 2003. Detailed coverage of invasive species threatening livelihoods and the environment worldwide, S. actinophylla is a fast-growing, ornamental tree which has been introduced to many regions. Verloove F, Reyes-Betancort J, 2011. Native to Australia and parts of New Guinea, Schefflera actinophylla, commonly called octopus tree, grows epiphytically near forested edges in its homeland. Cuttings are also easily taken and rooted. Seeds have high germination rates, and high densities of seedlings and young plants have been reported near seed sources, which are able to grow in shaded areas as well as in sunny open areas (Gucker, 2011). Fact Sheet ST-585. Catalogue of the Seed Plants of the West Indies. When several references are cited, they may give conflicting information on the status. Space JC; Flynn T, 2002. In additions, the species is used commonly by landscapers to be planted in gardens and yards because it attracts birds (Gilman and Watson, 1994; Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2007; Gucker, 2011). Environmental weeds of Christmas Island (Indian Ocean) and their management. June 17, 2009. Effects of herbicide may not be seen for months, and follow-up treatments are necessary. Thaman RR, Fosberg FR, Manner HI, Hassall DC, 1994. Washington DC, USA: Smithsonian Institution. This tender plant used many times as an interior or house plants. Plants and Lichens of Saba. Hilo, Hawaii, USA: USDA Forest Service, 227. http://www.sprep.org/att/irc/ecopies/countries/palau/48.pdf, Stevens PF, 2012. Larger trees should be cut, and follow-up treatments are required to control sprouts (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2007; Gucker, 2011). In: Harvard Papers in Botany, 9 (2) 257-296. Shefflera actinophylla: schefflera. Auckland, New Zealand: University of Auckland. Samoa: South Pacific Regional Environment Programme, 190 pp. PIER, 2012. (Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française (PAP).) Synonyms Heptapleurum actinophylla Brassaia actinophylla. ISSG, 2012. Fruits aggregated in heads, about 20-25 mm diam. In addition, seedlings of this species may germinate in the crotches or branches of large trees and in this case the plant will grow as an epiphyte that can strangle and eventually kill host trees (Menninger, 1971). Plant Protection Quarterly, 16(2):54-57; 2 ref. [English title not available]. The large, palmately compound, shiny leaves sit atop the multiple, thin, bare trunks of schefflera, creating much the impression of an exotic, 25-foot tall plant-umbrella. Plants can tolerate a wide range of sun and moisture levels, but are restricted to areas with minimum temperatures above 35°F (1.7°C). Chen J; Henny RJ; McConnell DB, 2002. Fruits are purplish black, round, fleshy drupes up to 7 mm in diameter (Gilman and Watson, 1994). (Flora da Madeira: plantas vasculares naturalizadas no arquipélago da Madeira.) Flowering period: July to October, rarely forms small yellow flowers 11. Carleton AR; Owre OT, 1975. Trade and Invasive Species in the Caribbean: A Universe of Risk., Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. Meyer JY, 2000. Additionally, S. actinophylla has pinkish-red to red flowers whereas S. arboricola has greenish-yellow flowers (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). Middle-aged Schefflera. Collectanea Botanica, 30:63-78. The fruits are eaten by many birds and animals including musky rat-kangaroos, red-legged pademelons and spectacled flying foxes. Scientific Name: Schefflera actinophylla. It is available to the public through internet sites and is also sold in nurseries. Additions to the flora of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). by Janick, J.\Whipkey, A.]. Mori SA, Buck WR, Gracie CA, Tulig M, 2007. Fact sheet: Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla). American Horticultural Magazine, 50(3):141-142. The first record of escape was in 1973 when it was recorded as “sparingly naturalized.” Today, the Individual fruits +/- globose, about 6-8 mm diam. Fact Sheet ST-585. Many Schefflera species are grown as ornamentals and potted-plants. Common forest trees of Hawaii (native and introduced). Capable of reaching 40 feet in height, schefflera will grow rapidly to create a dense windbreak or screen for property lines. It often grows as a hemiepiphyte on other rainforest trees. Space JC; Flynn T, 2001. 1-140. Variegated schefflera (Schefflera arboricola "Variegata") is a dwarf version of the Schefflera actinophylla, or umbrella tree. Invasive weeds of Pohnpei: A guide for identification and public awareness., Kolonia, Federated States of Micronesia: Conservation Society of Pohnpei. USDA-ARS, 2012. S. actinophylla is relatively similar to Schefflera arboricola. Florence J; Chevillotte H; Ollier C; Meyer JY, 2011. In Australia, flowering activity occurs mostly during spring and summer (Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2011). In: Collectanea Botanica, 30 63-78. List of species of the Flora of Brazil. S. actinophylla has moderate tolerance to drought and poor tolerance to salty soils, and it can inhabit areas from sea level to 750-1000 m altitude (Little and Skolmen, 1989). Acevedo-Rodríguez P, Strong M T, 2012. Schefflera actinophylla (octopus tree, umbrella plant); close-up of fruit at Sand Island, Midway Atoll. Cultivation , 2012. ABOUT SCHEFFLERA ACTINOPHYLLA. González-Torres LR; Rankin R; Palmarola A (eds), 2012. The flora of Nauru. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/. April 19, 2005, ©Forest & Kim Starr Images-2005 - CC-BY-3.0, Original citation: Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (2007), Original citation: Swarbrick and Hart (2001), Pohnpei Islands. Schefflera arboricola is a flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to Taiwan as well as Hainan. Vieira Silva RMda, 2002. Waugh JD, 2009. MacKee HS, 1994. Report to the Government of the Cook Islands on invasive plant species of environmental concern., Honolulu, USA: USDA Forest Service. For such structure of a leaf of reminds, it is even called an umbellate tree. Schefflera lends a tropical Description: Tree to c. 10 m high, often multistemmed, glabrous. Smith AC, 1985. June 17, 2009. When grown in full sun, trees will produce flowers during the summer, an unusual arrangement of … Vaduz, Germany: J. Cramer, 1692 pp. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawaii., Honolulu, Hawai'i, USA: Bishop Museum Press. Report to the Government of Samoa on invasive plant species of environmental concern. Flowers 25mm (1 inch) across, borne in dense clusters that form a large, red, showy inflorescence at stem tips above foliage. [Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden.] It prefers well-drained soil and only needs occasional watering and feeding to thrive. Once established, S. actinophylla achieves high population densities, altering native plant communities by displacing native species, and changing community structures and ecological functions of invaded habitats (Gucker, 2011; PIER, 2012). During the summer months, most schefflera arboricola plants will develop flower spikes. In Florida, it is out-competing the threatened species Lechua cernua (Langeland et al., 2008). Catalogue of introduced and cultivated plants in New Caledonia. Verloove F; Reyes-Betancort J, 2011. The PLANTS Database. Identification and Biology of Non-native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas., Gainesville, Florida, USA: University of Florida IFAS Extension. Julissa Rojas-Sandoval, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA, Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez, Department of Botany-Smithsonian NMNH, Washington DC, USA. By 1997, the species occurred in 44% of preserves in southern Florida (Bradley and Gann, 1999). Florida EPPC's 2011 Invasive Plant Species List. [5][6][7], Schefflera actinophylla is commonly grown in mild to warm climates as a decorative tree in larger gardens and, when mature, it has red spikes of flowers with up to 20 racemes which develop in summer or early autumn. Strong winds can cause damage so choose a protected location. Queensland Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, 2007. A geographical checklist of the Micronesian dicotyledonae. Report to the Republic of Palau: 2008 update on Invasive Plant Species. Posted by plantladylin (Sebastian, Florida - Zone 10a) on Sep 19, 2011 6:41 PM. In its native range, this species occurs in tropical lowland or monsoon rain forests (Russell-Smith, 1991). In: Invasive species in the Pacific: A technical review and draft regional strategy. S. actinophylla was introduced to Hawaii in about 1900. Space JC, Flynn T, 2002. 1. Schefflera arboricola is a flowering plant in the family Araliaceae, native to Taiwan as well as Hainan. Common Names: Octopus Tree, Umbrella Tree, Ivy Palm, Schefflera. Wallingford, UK: CABI. [9] This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. (Plantas Invasoras en Cuba). CABI, Undated. It is native to tropical rainforests and gallery forests in northern and north-eastern Queensland coasts and the Northern Territory of Australia, as well as New Guinea and Java. Fire Effects Information System., USA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. Frodin DG; Lowry PPII; Plunkett GM, 2009. S. actinophylla is able to form dense thickets that can reduce the amount of light, space, and nutrients available to native plants (Langeland et al., 2008). Russell-Smith J, 1991. Annals of the Missouri Botanic Garden, 92:202-224. Space JC; Flynn T, 2000. Gainesville, FL, USA: University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Extension, Environmental Horticultural Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service. Database inventory of introduced plant species in the rural and urban zones of Galapagos., Galapagos, Ecuador: Charles Darwin Foundation. Vieira Silva RMda, 2002. Non-native species in UK Overseas Territories: a review. Invasive plants in Cuba. Origin: Taiwan and South of China 8. average height when kept as an indoor plant: 30 – 180 cm 9. leaves: long-stemmed, leathery, lacquer-green 10. Brisbane, Australia: Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Land Protection (Invasive Plants and Animals). In Florida, flowers of S. actinophylla are visited by the red-whiskered bulbuls Pycnonotus jocosus, which escaped from captivity around 1960 (Carleton and Owre, 1975). In the wild, it sometimes grows on other trees as an epiphyte. Synonym: Brassaia actinophylla. Schefflera actinophylla (Endl.) S. actinophylla grows in full sun or partial shaded areas on a wide variety of well-drained soils. Currently this species is common as an ornamental in lowlands, where it escapes from cultivated areas to become a serious weed and an invasive species in natural areas (Wagner et al., 1999; PIER, 2012). 52 pp. Half of Joy Island in Pohnpei (Federated States of Micronesia) is covered with S. actinophylla (Englberger, 2009). Schefflera actinophylla Figure 1. Agriculture Handbook Washington, 679. Fact sheet: Umbrella tree (Schefflera actinophylla). [8], With a minimum temperature of 13 °C (55 °F), juvenile specimens are grown in temperate regions as houseplants. It is, however, an aggressive plant and its roots can dominate surrounding soil. Proceedings of the Fifth National Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, 10-13 November, 2001 [ed. Schefflera actinophylla is easily started from fresh seed, with some scarification to help speed up the process as the seeds are spread around by animals after they eat the fruit that contains it. Plant Diversity and Evolution, 128:561-595. Schefflera actinophylla (octopus tree, umbrella plant); tenacious habit, amongst rocks, at Mokolii, Oahu. It was listed as an invasive plant in 2003 for the Bahamas (Kairo et al., 2003); and in 2012 for Cuba (González-Torres et al., 2012) and Puerto Rico (Acevedo-Rodríguez and Strong, 2012). http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomysearch.aspx, USDA-NRCS, 2012. CC-BY-3.0. A checklist of the total vascular plant flora of Singapore: native, naturalised and cultivated species. Flowers are borne in dense clusters that form a large, red, showy inflorescence at stem tips above foliage. Family Araliaceae Genus Schefflera can be evergreen shrubs, trees or climbers with long-stalked palmately divided leaves and, on mature plants only, panicles or racemes of small flowers followed by spherical fleshy fruits Flora of the Bahama Archipelago., Vaduz, Germany: J Cramer. Menninger EA, 1971. In: Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden, http://sweetgum.nybg.org/saba/, Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, 2012. Genus: Schefflera 4. german name: Strahlenaralie 5. scientific name: Schefflera J.R.Forst. Varnham K, 2006. Wagner WL, Herbst DR, Sohmer SH, 1999. Schefflera or Tupidanthus below? In Hawaii, S. actinophylla flowers from April through October (Little and Skolmen, 1989), and flowering is in the summer or autumn in Florida (Langeland et al., 2008). Base de données botaniques Nadeaud de l'Herbier de la Polynésie Française ( PAP.. Of pollinator specificity and morphological convergence between nectarivorous birds and animals )., Rio Janeiro! Petioles ) 15-60 cm long and its leaflets are relatively large ( cm. Rt, 2009 )., Rio de Janeiro Botanic Garden. J 2004... Herbicide may not be seen for months ENH743, one of a leaf of,. ( langeland et al., 2002 ). et al of Galapagos and five major or! Species occurs in tropical and subtropical areas and is also sold in.! ; Chevillotte H, Oliver R, Sachet m H, Ollier C Meyer! 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